Behaviors of customers and Environment Influence on Marketing Essay

Behaviors of customers and Environment Influence on Marketing - Essay Example Attracting customers is an integral part of marketing, but retaining them is even more important. This can be achieved through several means including understanding the behavior of current and future customers and the environment. In addition, recognizing changes in the market environment allows the firms to capitalize on marketing opportunities or prepare for threats in the market. Understanding of the market environment requires the firms to be conversant with current market trends, technology developments and competitors’ strategies. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze customers’ current and potential behaviors and the market environment, as well as they affect marketing strategies. In order to successfully market their products firms need to understand both the behavior of current and potential customers and the influence of the marketing environment. In understanding the current customers’ behavior, marketers are able to do an analysis of their buying trends. This also helps to recognize the prevailing needs of the customer and hence produce products that satisfy target customers’ needs. It is also very important to be aware of the consumer buying process so as to influence the choice of the consumer. In doing so, it is paramount to understand that the buying process consists of several stages, all of which are of great interest to marketers (Thomas, 1995, p.248).

The Correlation between obesity and poverty Annotated Bibliography

The Correlation between obesity and poverty - Annotated Bibliography Example The BMI of normal people lies below 25 kg/m2 (Kopelman, Caterson, & Dietz, 2010). According to Smith (2009), the BMI of an overweight individual lie between 25 kg/m2and 30 kg/m2, while the BMI of individuals suffering from obesity exceeds 30 kg/m2. Through studies, it has become apparent that obesity correlates with poverty. According to Smith (2009), poverty can lead to obesity, and at the same time, obesity can lead to poverty. Studies have shown that obesity and poverty can have a direct or indirect influence on each other. It is apparent that overweight and obesity correlate with poverty because most people do not afford healthier diets (Lane, 2006). Based on calories; diets composed of fish, whole grains, and fresh fruits and vegetables enhance normal health, but they are far more expensive than diets consisting added fats, added sugars, and refined grains (Lane, 2006). In some American communities, local convenience stores do not offer vegetables, fruits, or other fresh, whole, and real foods. In an urban setting, an individual should have a car in order to access real foods that rural markets offer. Research shows that an attempt to reduce food expenditure tends to drive individuals toward added fats, added sugars, and refined grains, which have a likelihood of causing obesity. On the other hand, being obese can make an individual poor because obesity and overweight bring about various kinds of sicknesses. Sick individuals spend most of their time in hospitals and other health institutions, thus such individuals are not economically productive (Bolin & Cawley, 2007). Diseases associated with obesity include heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and cancer (Blass, 2008). Those people who are suffering from obesity related ailments develop a weak health and cannot be able to contribute toward income generation in a significant manner. Diseases such as diabetes, heart

The Types Of Conflict Social Work Essay

The Types Of Conflict Social Work Essay PART 1 Introduction As individuals we work with people, interact with them and might disagree or agree with them on issues. Conflict management means putting in place ways that reduces bad aspects of conflict and raising the good aspects of it at standards the same or higher than the place where the conflict took place. Additionally, conflict management seeks to improve learning and group results, that is capability or performance in a business environment (Ra him, 2002). People might disagree in decision making because they might have ideas of their own. Conflict may be important to groups and businesses, when managed well, it increases group results (e.g. Alpert, Osvaldo, Law, 2000; Booker Jame son, 2001; Ra-him Bono ma, 1979; Kuhn Poole, 2000; Church Marks, 2001). Part 1 of this paper explains conflict, its types and my experience of it at Mining Building and Contractors Ltd ( MBC,Obuasi), Ghana and a conclusion at the end. Part 2 of this paper explains building trust, relationships and communic ations, the importance of these skills to an organization as well as a personal reflection on these skills and a conclusion. Conflict may be defined as a basic variance between individuals due to differences of opinions, ideas, beliefs, values, needs or objectives. Types of Conflict Intrapersonal It is a conflict that develops within an individual when he argues with himself about something. It could be simple as wanting to use office item for personal use when he knows he shouldt be doing that. Interpersonal It is a conflict between two separate individuals, this form of conflict is what people typically have in mind when they think of conflict. Functional Ambiguity and role specifications in organizations could create problems. Intergroup This conflict normally happens in the cases of various ethnic or racial groups. Each group could feel threatened and may feel that their respective culture is not duly respected. Conflict Management Conflict management is about helping improve the positive aspects of conflicts. It does not necessarily mean doing away with conflicts. Personal experience I worked at MBC Ltd, Obuasi with a colleague at the Accounts Office. My colleagues uncle was the Marketing Manager but wasnt in good terms with Mr. Ocloo, the Accountant, who was our boss. I got to know our boss was someone who was really passionate about his work and disliked lazy and insolent people. I built a strong relationship with my boss and always listened to and respected his views. My boss observed my colleague most of the time missing at the office, this continued for a few weeks. My colleague had been visiting his uncle during periods which there were no work at the office. One day I returned from an errand to find out my colleague had had a confrontation with our boss because of his continuous absence during working hours. He also had reported the case to his uncle who had come and exchanged words with our boss and had worsened the situation. I quickly called my colleague and spoke to him about the way our boss had observed him for a long period before voicing out his fr ustration. I recommended to him outside apologizing to our boss. I also advised him to go back to his uncles office to calm him down. I then ensured he explained things to his uncle and admit it was his fault to make peace. I later talked to my boss for hours explaining that, my colleague was at fault but he really left when we had finished with our work. I wanted to make sure the case does not escalate to higher levels and wanted it solved that day. It wasnt easy because we had to stay behind after office hours when everyone had left to resolve the issue. Both my colleague and his uncle came back with my colleague apologizing and acknowledging the mistake that brought about the conflict. I helped solve the solution because it would have really developed into a real mix-up which would have brought other parties and disciplines into the matter. Conclusion Every day we work with people, who might wrong us or rub us in a way. I personally think conflict is unavoidable but can be managed. At the workplace individuals should always be thoughtful and always try to negotiate with fellow workers to resolve conflicts. Workers must be sensitive to the feelings of other workers and understand that individuals may react to anger, fear and frustration. Workers should provide viable solutions to problems amongst themselves. Mangers should identify and analyse the reason for conflict to understand the root cause of conflict. Any solution for resolving the issue should be aimed at doing away with the root cause. Managers need to have good communication skills to be able to empathize with all the concerned parties and put across their solutions convincingly. Conflicts should be resolved in a healthy way without favouring any individual; all parties involved should be treated with respect and spoken to politely. Managing conflict effectively is valuab le in the progress of an organization. PART 2 Introduction Nowadays, businesses are looking for ways to help maintain trust, build good relationships and acquire communication skills in helping them achieve growth in their workplace. Trust is explained as the condition of preparedness for an interaction with something or someone without protection (Duane C. Tway, Jr.,1994). Trust, relationships and communication at the workplace is very essential to the success of a business and wellbeing of people at work. Trust is seen by others as equivalent to trustworthiness, explaining trust in the subject of individual traits that stimulate positive expectations on other individuals behalf(e.g., Butler Cantrell, 1984; McKnight et al., 1998).Organisational relationships can be grouped into functions, departments and teams; union, staff and the management. These relationships are influenced by how people individually treat each other in the workplace, http://www.dol.govt.nz/er/bestpractice/prc/infosheets/GPG-WP-RELATIONSHIP.pdf (Accessed on 03/12/12). Culture of trust is beneficial in disorganized and uncertain places, (Bjerke, 1999). Why the need for Building Trust, Relationships Communication? Effective communication, trust and good relationship with workers is an organization is vital in attaining results, eliminating stress and providing a vibrant atmosphere where workers feel free to ask for help, share opinions and also actively contribute in progress of organization. These skills help encourage team members encourage each other and work efficiently and effectively. Fostering these skills in the workplace enhances decision making and implementation in an organisation. Trust gives way to developing a relationship more effective between the trustor and trustee (Blau, 1964). To build successful relationships in workplaces involves trust. Trust brings about efficient communication, healthy relationships and employee motivation in an organization. Having these elements at the workplace motivates employees to work harder. The existence of these skills in the workplace makes organizational goals easy to achieve. Any organisation that excels in these skills is able to get thin gs done progressively and successfully. Personal Reflection When I started work at MBC Ltd, (Obuasi), the first thing I did was to learn and quickly adapt to the organisational behaviour and culture. The next thing was to win the trust of fellow workers and build good communication levels and relationships with them. I was humble, obedient and was always eager to work. I became more involved in issues of workers in the company. This made me my boss favourite and made him sometimes go to the extent of discussing his personal issues with me. I had already won his trust and had built a vibrant relationship with him. As a new worker of the company, it was not done overnight but through hard work I was able to achieve it. If I saw workers not in good terms at work, I will quickly try to address it. I will have a conversation with the people involved and if it was still not working, I will try a higher authority. I always made sure that no party felt betrayed or offended but it was always a win-win case. I also kept private information from others confidential. When we had finished with work and the place seemed boring I would suggest a group meeting where we thrived on issues to be addressed at the office. We did this at least two times and really helped us a lot and always brought the best in us. I suggested this to fellow workers but did not work at start because some managers did not agree with the idea. Gradually interest for it grew and the company now holds a special meeting once every month where selected workers from various departments share views and discuss problems facing them to managers. This really improved communication and enhanced good relationships and trust in the organization. Conclusion Communication, trust and relationships can be improved in all workplaces, no matter the size of the company. The basis of an individuals interaction in the workplace is through these skills. These skills are very important and should be amalgamated into team building in every organization. Individuals should be encouraged to stop engaging in activities that will reduce trust existing between workers. Workshops and meetings should be organized to prepare and educate workers on developing good communication skills and fostering healthy relationships among themselves. It is never easy to impress or satisfy everyone at the workplace because we are human but we must also know that it takes a lot of effort to fix a broken relationship or trust that existed between workers than to prevent it from happening. If any company wants to move from being just a working group to a high performing one these skills must be taking seriously. None of us is perfect but we can be much more effective and e fficient if we work on building good relations, having easy and simple communication systems and being trustworthy. This will inspire and influence others to help build a successful business environment.

Manpower Issues Essay

The fast food industry is a labor driven sector. It has an extensive requirement of manpower to serve the increasing flow of consumer traffic at the outlets. Skilled labor with fast pace of work is the basic requirement for this job. It is mostly youngsters who are eligible for this job but it can be stressful and at times hazardous. This industry requirement for long hours of duty, on the toe at all times and attentive to the needs of the customer is quite an uphill task. There is no doubt that the emergence and growth of this industry sector has solved the unemployment problem to a great extent. Many youngsters have found a living in this industry but the pay packages earlier were not very attractive. The pay scales have no doubt improved now but the work conditions remain almost the same. The Back Yard Burgers currently employ over 10,000 people throughout their chain of restaurants. Each restaurant employs around 25 employees, of which some are part timers. A company-operated restaurant has a unit supervisor and two co-unit supervisors. Each unit supervisor reports to the district manager. A district manager has about five to eight restaurants in their supervision. Their role constitutes of keeping tabs on all aspects of operations and management of the restaurants in their jurisdiction. Each of these district managers’ report to the Director of Operations. The company endorses strict training and personnel development strategy. All personnel have to go through a personnel-training program on fast friendly and efficient customer service, restaurant cleanliness, and proper management of day-to-day operations. The employees have to go through classroom sessions that brief them about aspects of food safety, sanitation, laws, and regulations related to the food industry and operational aspects of restaurant. The company envisages labor to be a critical factor in the coming years since the opportunities have increased manifolds. The demand for skilled labor is rising and this will lead to higher wages and compensation packages. Managing and retaining quality workforce in this industry will be a little difficult task and the key to effective manpower management is to keep the employees happy and satisfied with their jobs.

The Censorship Of The Arts - 1173 Words

Censorship In the Arts Innocence, purity, youth — qualities that society strives to protect. In order to safeguard these sanctities, society often employs censorship to combat vileness. Vileness embedded within the arts. Art has no limits, no boundaries, no rules. Art is undefinable. Therefore, art is easily considered to be the nesting grounds for defilement. Censorship is currently the preferred tool to cleanse this impurity. Censorship is â€Å"the suppression of words, images, or ideas that are ‘offensive’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (https://www.aclu.org/what-censorship). This concept is not new. It can dated way back to the times of Socrates, who was sentenced to death for corrupting the youth (http://www.beaconforfreedom.org/liste.html?tid=415art_id=475). Rulers, especially the Catholic Church, feared the loss of power as individuals gain autonomy through freedom of expression. The Index Librorum Prohibitorum in 1559 is an example of early censorship. It was a list of books banned due to â€Å"their heretical or ideologically dangerous content†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (http://www.beaconforfreedom.org/liste.html?tid=415art_id=475). Famous victims of this suppression are Galileo, Joan of Arc, and Thomas More. It was not until 1966 was the index finally eradicated, nearly four hundred years later. Although that form of censorship no longer exists, more have erupted in its place. The issue of censorship is more prevalent in contemporary society due to the easy accessibility and rapid spread of media. So much so that theShow MoreRelatedCensorship in Art733 Words   |  3 PagesCensorship in Art Censorship has existed in the United States since colonial times. In the early history of American culture censorships emphasis was on political statements and actions, banning literature, music and even people from being heard in this country. This leading too more closed-minded views about different cultures and society, which we are still fighting to over come in the present day. Today a better-informed America has switched their views to a more sexual content when decidingRead MoreCensorship of the Arts in Singapore1474 Words   |  6 Pagesstrike between freedom of and restrictions upon artistic expression? The commonly accepted definition of censorship- that certain texts, images, or films should be banned. The Longman’s English Dictionary defines censorship as to examine books, films, letters etc, to remove anything that is considered offensive, morally harmful, or politically dangerous. Narrowing down the definition to cover The Arts scene in Singapore, the question beckons should anyone have the power to place restrictions on an individual’sRead More Censorship in art Essay715 Words   |  3 Pages Censorship in Art Censorship has existed in the United States since colonial times. In the early history of American culture censorship’s emphasis was on political statements and actions, banning literature, music and even people from being heard in this country. This leading too more closed-minded views about different cultures and society, which we are still fighting to over come in the present day. Today a better-informed America has switched their views to a more sexual content when decidingRead More The Censorship Of Art Essay2753 Words   |  12 Pages Things are heating up in America. People are protesting outside of the movie theaters, concerts, and book and record stores of this great nation everywhere. What is all the fuss about? Censorship, Government officials and raving mad protesters alike have been trying to stop the expressive creativity in everything from Marilyn Manson to Mark Twain. One of the biggest shake-ups happened in museums all over the world recently that would have made Michelangelo and DiVinchi’s hair stand on end. In theRead MoreExamples And Ambiguities Of Art Censorship1459 Words   |  6 PagesExamples and Ambiguities of Art Censorship (Position Paper) Art censorship, suppression of the arts, has a very long history. This is because all societies must decide what the limits of free speech are, and in this decision they must also decide the status of art. It is easy to raise more questions than answers when exploring this topic as it is a question whose answer is affected by differing perspectives and opinions. It would be exceedingly difficult to articulate an argument based on dataRead MoreCensorship Of Children And The Art Industry1488 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship in children s cartoons is something that has a largely negative effect both on children and the art industry as a whole. Censorship can push itself on any number of topics: on violence, on love, on lgbt visibility, and on death. Censoring these scenes only serves to negate the sense of seriousness given to an issue. For instance, if you take away the possibility of a character getting injured or dying during a conflict, you lower the stakes, thus making whatever pl ot progression may beRead More Art Censorship Essay examples501 Words   |  3 PagesArt Censorship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In recent news there was a controversy over art shown in Santa Fe Community College’s gallery. The artist Pat Payne created obscene religious pictures that for the most part were mocking the Catholic religion. I feel that there is no need for artwork to be censored if in an appropriate place. Placing paintings that may seem to be obscene in an art museum, gallery, or anywhere else that attract mostly mature individuals is appropriate and obviously placing those same piecesRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 PagesThe Censorship of Art While the censorship of art is not a new phenomenon, recent years have witnessed renewed and intensified attempts to control popular culture. In particular, rap and rock music have come under increasing attack from various sides representing the entire left and right political spectrum, purportedly for their explicit sexual and violent lyrical contents. In this paper is investigated which moral codes underlie these claims against popular music, how social movements mobilizeRead MoreThe Effect Censorship has on Art Essay examples943 Words   |  4 PagesThough out history artist have rejected any forms of censorship. Governments have had to enforce censorship laws for the sake of public safety. As well, as to maintain control of society and to uphold the moral and ethical values that the populous demands. Whether you are for or against censorship in art, it serves a useful purpose in moderation, but it can be taken to extremes. Whether it’s a fascist government or a extrem ist religious organization it is easy for a controversial law to be twistedRead MoreCensorship Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Censorship Censorship is a highly controversial topic regarding the arts, controlling the freedom of expression of artists to convey what is deemed acceptable within society. Ai Weiwei falls victim under the power of the regime and the influence of censorship guidelines within China, limiting the display of his art due to the important messages he raises. Andres Serrano has experienced attempted censorship on his provocative image, Piss Christ, and has been attacked for producing offensive art.

Barclays Ethical Issues Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The Barclays risk management framework helps the bank come up with activities, tools, arrangements and techniques that can be used to single out manage and monitor real and potential risks that arise due to the changes. The bank is also involved in the managing human rights risks through its environmental and social risk procedures and also be integrating issues concerning human rights in its business decision-making. Transform Program This is as strategic program rolled out in 2013 to act as a vehicle for the banks strategy to reshape the bank in order to generate sustainable revenue and at the same time meet the needs of all its stakeholders. The three phase strategy is aimed at transforming the operations of the bank and gives it a face that is more appealing to the normal person. Summary of the overall ethical policies and CSR actions of Barclays Ethical policies Barclays principles have been based on honesty, integrity and plain-dealing. The bank has been working on rebuilding the trust of its customers, its clients and stakeholders. Butler (2010) says that is important for business to have regular review of its strategies and policies as a way of ensuring the business does not loss contact with the reality in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Barclays Ethical Issues or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The Transform program from Barclays has the ultimate goal to make Barclays the partner of choice for all its stakeholders, or what the bank refers to ‘Go-To’ bank. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Barclays has been supporting the needs of its clients and the communities whey it has its operations. The Citizenship Plan which was launched in June 2012 has eve loving and developing set of commitments which the bank targets to deliver by the end of this year. Citizenship Plan is made up of three commitments which include: The way the bank does business Contributing to growth Supporting the local communities Analysis of the overall ethical policies and CSR actions of Barclays Ethical policies Barclays bank has a new purpose which is to â€Å"help people achieve their ambitions – in the right way†. The purpose is supported by the following core value: †¢ Respect: respect and value colleagues, and the their contribution to the bank †¢ Integrity: act ethically, fairly, and openly in operations. †¢ Service: put our clients and customers at the centre of operations. †¢ Excellence: utilize skills, energy and available resources to deliver the best results. †¢ Stewardship: passionate about leaving things better than found. Corporate responsibility (CSR) Citizenship plan The bank is implemented Citizenship plan alongside other decision-making tools in order to facilitate its move beyond legal, compliance and regulatory concerns, to put into consideration broader social impacts and opportunities.

The Dependency Relationship A Child Develops With Her...

Attachment is a term used to describe the dependency relationship a child develops towards his or her primary caregivers. It is first observable during the latter half of the first year of life and develops progressively over the first four years of life. It is most readily observed in the behavior of children when they are sick, injured, tired, anxious, hungry or thirsty. Although early attachment research focused on the mother and infant, it is now generally accepted that children develop multiple attachment relationships. An ‘attachment figure’ is defined as someone who provides physical and emotional care has continuity and consistency in the child’s life, and who has an emotional investment in the child’s life. This can include parents (biological, foster, adopted), grandparents, siblings, aunts and uncles, and alternate caregivers (e.g. child-care workers). Given that children are able to form multiple attachments, the question has been asked as to wh ich attachment relationship is most influential on children’s developmental outcomes. During the 1930s and ’40s, psychoanalytically oriented clinicians in the US and Europe were making observations of the ill-effects on personality development of prolonged institutional care and frequent changes of mother-figure during the first years of life. Among them was a psychiatrist who, prior to receiving his medical training, had studied developmental psychology. His name was John Bowlby. At this time mainstream psychoanalyticShow MoreRelatedHow Care And Attachment Influences The Development Of Emotion Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesare exposed to. Dependency and attachment have been compared to clearly depict how they look similar yet are so different in framing the future of the child. Correlation between needs, dependency, security and attachment has been discussed and their ultimate effect on generation of secondary emotions has been identified. This essay puts light on the factors influencing attachment and gives a clear view as to how the quality of nurturing an d care can influence the behaviour of the child. Read MoreInfant Attachment Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Infant attachment is the first relationship a child experiences and is crucial to the child’s survival (BOOK). A mother’s response to her child will yield either a secure bond or insecurity with the infant. Parents who respond â€Å"more sensitively and responsively to the child’s distress† establish a secure bond faster than â€Å"parents of insecure children†. (Attachment and Emotion, page 475) The quality of the attachment has â€Å"profound implications for the child’s feelings of security andRead MoreRelationship Between Secure Attachment And Resilience1580 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment and Resiliency The focus of this paper is the relationship between secure attachment in children and the resiliency they may display as a result of that healthy attachment, it also looks at the negative consequences that children experience when there is a deficit in quality attachments. Attachment theory has been shown to be crucial to adaptive systems, moderating anxiety by encouraging children to feel reassured, connected, and competent (Lisa R. Jackson-Cherry, 2014, p. 16) and withoutRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Instinct Theory1606 Words   |  6 PagesMostly, the first object of an infant is his mother. (Ainsworth, 1969) In ones first year of life the foundation of object relations is laid. It is agreed by the psychoanalysts that the first relationship an infant has with his mother is oral in nature. Quite a few psychoanalysts make use of the term dependency in order to typify the infants pre-objectal relations. Behaviorism In psychology during the 1920s and 1950s the initial paradigm was Behaviorism which talks about the behavior which isRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1607 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory is accepted by most psychologists and psychiatrists as the best explanation for how we develop the capacity to form relationships with others and relate to our environment. It asserts that the methods we use to relate to others, manage our needs, express our demands, and shape our expectations for the world are rooted in our relationships with our early caregivers. Through these interactions we learn to balance our feelings and need states with others and to establish our varyingRead MoreAttachments and Children with disabilities2166 Words   |  9 Pagesbonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. He suggested attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child s chances of survival. We can learn that Attachment theory is focused on the relationships and bonds between people, particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child. The central theme of attachment theory is that primary caregivers who are available and responsive toRead MoreChild Neglect : Neglect As A Form Of Child Abuse2216 Words   |  9 PagesChild Abuse: Neglect Has The Community Done Enough To Reduce Cases Of Neglect As A Form Of Child Abuse? Thesis statement: most scholars and practitioners have elaborated adverse impacts of child abuse, especially child neglect, but the research focuses on the positive side of the discourse; it concentrates on the community contribution and the steps that have helped to reduce and stop the act in many nations. The term child abuse got used in a very broad array of situation that it has become hardRead MoreKaren Horney1746 Words   |  7 Pagesfounders of modern psychoanalysis. Although her ideas are not widely taught today or accepted as a basis of psychoanalysis in and of themselves, her ideas of social and environmental influences are â€Å"integrated into modern psychoanalysis therapies and personality development theory† (Quinn). She was a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and was one of his early followers. Yet Horney joined the class of neo-Freudians after her research and writing led her to develop and establish psychoanalytical theoriesRead MoreParent Child Dynamics : Self Perception Essay1874 Words   |  8 PagesParent-Child Dynamics: Self-Perception Many adolescence face difficulties when entering into new group environments, such as school, social groups, extracurricular groups, etc. It has been discovered that the family environment has a great impact on the confidence of an adolescent, the family being the child’s first group. It is difficult to pinpoint one specific trigger causing low self-esteem within groups, as hereditary factors play an important role. It has been found that a discouraging familyRead MoreEssay on Basic Concepts in Attachment Theory2804 Words   |  12 Pagesaffective bond that develops between an infant and a primary caregiver. Originating with the work of John Bowlby 1982[pic], attachment theory describes a socioemotional behavioral system that guides how individuals manage their need for emotional security. This system is first evident early in life as children interact with their primary caregiver. When they are physically or psychologically threatened, children turn to their caregiver for comfort, and ideally their caregiver responds with immediate